Hier dokumentieren wir eine Rede, die auf der Infoveranstaltung zum Landesaufnahmeprogamm Bremen am 20.9.2023 von einer jungen Afghanin gehalten wurde:
It was a day in a May 2020 when I was at save rooms for 6 hours without any movement and hope to survive. An attacker took the life of 24 mothers and a child. I witnessed mothers who, despite the Saul were not in their body, but still had their child in their arms. This is a corner of the daily life of Hazara’s minority in Afghanistan. Before, to talk about the current situation of minorities in Afghanistan specifically Hazaras and the risk that they are currently experiencing, let me to talk about this people and who they are? Hazaras are one of the largest ethnic and religious minority in Afghanistan. According to the articles that were published in the George Washington university website in march 2022, their population estimated 20% from the whole population of Afghanistan. they have Shiite faith and have a specific ethnicity, culture and language. They speak with Hazaragi accent and are a very hardworking people.
Now , why an urgent action is needed for Hazara’s minority in Afghanistan? Due to their ethnic and religious identity, the Hazara people have long been oppressed, discriminated against, and persecuted. The Hazara people have experienced prejudice, repression, and violence throughout Afghanistan’s history. They have endured horrors like the 19th-century Hazara massacres under Abdur Rahman Khan’s authority, which caused a sizable section of their population to perish. The Hazaras were deliberately attacked under the Taliban’s previous regime, which lasted from 1996 to 2001. The Hazara community in Afghanistan saw an opportunity in the last two decades of foreign intervention and republican government, with at least the 2004 constitution recognizing them as equal citizens. Despite the presence of prominent politicians, the community faced discrimination and lack of political participation. The Hazaras played a central role in democratization and institution-building, with high voter turnout and active participation from women. The Taliban insurgency then frequently targeted Hazaras as a result of their support for democracy, their ethnicity and faith in Afghanistan. Hazaras in Afghanistan now face direct dangers and pervasive discrimination as a result of the Taliban’s return to power. A substantial number of difficulties and risks faces the Hazaras, for a number of reasons:
First of all, in a nation where Sunni Islam is practiced by the majority of the population, the Hazaras are mostly Shia Muslims. Due to their differing theological views, they have become a target for the Taliban and other radical Sunni groups that follow a rigorous interpretation of Sunni Islam. Hazaras were treated brutally by the Taliban, who follow a very strict form of Sunni Islam, including mass executions, forced relocation, and forced conversions.
Secondly, the majority of Hazaras live in the middle and western regions of Afghanistan, in places like Bamiyan and Daikundi. They are more likely to be in places where security forces may not be as present due to their geographic concentration, making them more vulnerable to attacks by different terrorist group and they receive zero support from the central government and international organizations.
Thirdly, After the return of Taliban to power in Afghanistan, the Taliban have launched on a radical and quick reversal of the political, social, and civil advances of the last two decades, increasing the vulnerability of the ethnic Hazaras in the country. Extrajudicial killings, extortion, discriminatory tactics, and forced relocation have all returned. With their political and civic rights further curtailed by an extreme Sunni interpretation of Islam and the racial hatred that characterized the Taliban government, Hazaras now experience economic marginalization, limited access to education, and constrained chances for work and development.
In addition, Hazaras have no real political inclusion or representation in the authoritarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan under the Taliban. The Taliban have enacted overtly discriminatory measures ever since seizing power in Afghanistan. While some members of the international world have expressed concern about the fate of Hazaras, the Taliban have rejected the appeal for inclusivity, claiming that anyone who have served in the last 20 years’ worth of governments will not be allowed. According to their interpretation, inclusion is restricted to Sunni religious organizations as well as fronts and forces that fought for the Taliban and attended religious institutions in Pakistan and particular regions of Afghanistan.
Last but not least, Amidst the world’s worst humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, discrimination and security threats deprive Hazaras of access to humanitarian aid and international support.
According to a report from UNAMA website, A recent example shows that twenty private schools from district 13 of western parts of Kabul—home to Hazara populations—were eligible to receive student fees from the Asia Foundation, but Hazara schools were deselected by the authorities and the support diverted. There are many other accounts from locals that reveal the Taliban’s discrimination against the Hazaras in accessing humanitarian aid, and which are not reported by international media outlets. The community is under immense pressure for survival with no meaningful support. The Hazara diaspora has lost its “eyes and ears” to report on the community’s precarious status and speak for their predicament as a result of the practically total collapse of independent media and civil society. Hazara human rights activists have relied on internal civil society initiatives, but with the Taliban in power, the community’s voice has been lost. For the purpose of identifying and preventing crimes against the community, it will be
crucial to address access concerns in order to monitor the suffering of Hazaras under Taliban rule.
To sum up, Given this history and current situations, it is not accurate to say that the Taliban has historically or currently supported or protected the Hazaras. Instead, they have been and are persecuted minority under Taliban rule and if international organizations and countries do not take an action to minorities discrimination in Afghanistan this will ends with a genocide.